Information and communications technology (ICT) is widespread constantly changing and vital to modern society. ICT devices and components form a highly interdependent system of networks, infrastructure, and data called cyberspace. Cybersecurity is the process of protecting cyberspace from attacks by criminals and others adversaries
Risk Factors: The risk of a cyberattack depends on threats (who is attacking), vulnerabilities (what weaknesses are being attacked), and impacts (how the attack affects victims).
Threat Categories (Who Attacks): Cyberattackers typically fall into five categories: criminals (for monetary gain), spies (for espionage), nation-state adversaries (for strategic objectives), "hacktivists" (for nonmonetary reasons), and terrorists.
Vulnerability Challenges: Three challenges are particularly difficult for defenders: insider threats (inadvertent or intentional acts), supply chain vulnerabilities, and zero-day vulnerabilities (previously unknown weaknesses).
Impact Types: Successful attacks can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of an ICT system. Impacts include cybertheft/espionage , denial-of-service attacks , botnet malware , and attacks on industrial control systems.
Federal Role: The federal government secures its own systems and helps protect nonfederal systems. Many federal agencies have sector-specific responsibilities for critical infrastructure (CI).
Key Agency Roles (Simplified):
NIST : Develop FISMA Standards for federal civilian ICT.
OMD : Overseens the implementation of FIMA Standards.
DHS : Has operational responsibility for protecting federal civilian system and leads coordination to help private entities protect Cl assents
DOJ : Lead agency for law enforcement of relevant laws.
DOD/NSA : Responsible for military cyberspace operations and security of National Security Systems (NSS).
Long Team Challenges
Four difficult long - team Challenges exist : Design , Incentive , Consensus , Environment
Design issue : Developers traditional prioritise features over security for economic reasons , and future security needs are hard to predict.
incentives issue : Cybercrime is seen as Cheap , Profitable , and comparatively safe , while cybersecurity is expensive , imperfect , and its economic returns are often unsure.
Consensus issues : cybersecurity mean different things to different stakeholders, with little common agreement on meaning , implementation , and risks , leading to cultural impediments.
Environment issues : Cyberspace is the faster evolving technology space in human history , with new technologies like IOT , Social media and cloud computing complicating the threats environment.
conclusion
cybersecurity ultimately involves managing the risks associated with threats , vulnerabilities , and impacts.
The federal role is multifaceted , involving securing its own system and coordinating the protection of private - sector
overcoming the long - term challenges of Design , incentives , consensus , and environment is key to improving cybersecurity.
very creative ideas and helpful to improve the cybersecurity issues
ReplyDeleteThe study clearly explains the key risks and challenges in cybersecurity and highlights the need for stronger coordination, better incentives, and adaptive strategies to manage evolving threats.
ReplyDeletethe review provides a clear understanding of major cyber security issues and global challengers
ReplyDeleteA comprehensive and insightful overview of cybersecurity that clearly explains risks, challenges, and government roles while emphasizing the urgent need for innovation and collaboration in tackling evolving digital threats.
ReplyDeleteThe summary effectively outlines cybersecurity challenges but lacks depth on practical solutions, public awareness, and international cooperation measures.
ReplyDeletethe review provides a clear understanding of major cyber security issues and global challenges.
ReplyDelete